In a population-based study with limited numbers of participants, ciprofloxacin showed superiority over placebo in reducing the rate of urinary tract infection (UTI) and the incidence of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In addition, ciprofloxacin reduced the incidence of urinary tract infections and the incidence of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in patients with a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. In this study, ciprofloxacin was found to be superior to placebo in reducing the risk of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and in reducing the risk of exacerbations of COPD.
Citation:Poulin A, et al. (2013) Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. PLoS ONE 8(7): e83595. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083595
Editor:Rafael J. Gavril, National Institutes of Health, United States of America
Received:August 6, 2013;Accepted:May 15, 2013;Published:June 15, 2013
Copyright:© 2013 Poulin et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding:The study was supported by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests:The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
In the absence of appropriate antimicrobial stewardship interventions, the burden of disease, and mortality are likely to increase due to the increasing risk of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). AMR is a global health challenge, including an increased prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the incidence of infections that are not associated with AMR in the general population. AMR is a common but underdiagnosed condition that can occur in up to 10% of all patients, and is also more common in women, who are at least 50 years old, and who are at least 60 years old. This is particularly important for those who have had two or more sexual partners in the past, and for those who have been exposed to AMR in the past, and who are in the general population at any time.
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the global AMR prevalence is approximately 35% and is predicted to increase by 20% in the next 15 years. The increased rates of antibiotic resistance (AR) in the population are expected to contribute to a further rise in AMR, especially in women.
Ciprofloxacin has been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of urinary tract infections (UTI) and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in patients with a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) [, ]. However, the efficacy of ciprofloxacin for reducing the incidence of UTI and exacerbations of COPD has not been fully established. In a single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, ciprofloxacin was shown to reduce the risk of UTI and exacerbations of COPD in patients with a diagnosis of CF [].
Despite the efficacy of ciprofloxacin in reducing the incidence of UTI and exacerbations of COPD, its efficacy in preventing exacerbations of COPD has not been fully established.
Ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used primarily to treat infections caused by bacteria. It is effective against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, and is also effective against Gram-positive bacteria []. It is also effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, which are common in clinical practice [].
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ciprofloxacin in reducing the incidence of UTI and exacerbations of COPD in a population-based study of patients with a diagnosis of CF.
Indications:Ciprofloxacin is used for the treatment of various infections caused by susceptible anaerobic bacteria, includingCandidaspecies,Haemophilus influenzaeandStreptococcus pneumoniae, among others. Ciprofloxacin is also used in combination with other antibacterial agents in the treatment of sinusitis and urinary tract infections.
Mechanism of Action:Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone that has antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It exerts its antibacterial effect by inhibiting DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes essential for bacterial DNA replication and transcription.
Ciprofloxacin is available as 250 mg and 500 mg tablets. The recommended dosage for the treatment of infection of the lower respiratory tract is 500 mg twice daily for 1 day, followed by a course of 250 mg twice daily for 7 days.
The typical dosage for the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB) is 2 mg/kg twice daily for 5 days. The recommended dosage for the treatment of acute sinusitis is 2.5 mg/kg twice daily for 5 days. The dosage for the treatment of acute sinusitis is 5 mg/kg twice daily for 7 days.
Administration:Swallow the tablets whole with a full glass of water. Swallow the capsules whole with a full glass of water and then mix well with a little water.
The tablets should be swallowed whole and not crushed or chewed, with or without food.
Contraindications:Do not use Ciprofloxacin if you have a known hypersensitivity to it, except under a personal or family medical history of hypersensitivity reactions. Do not use in patients with known hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin, any other quinolone or fluoroquinolone antibiotics, or any other medicines of the fluoroquinolone class. Ciprofloxacin may cause permanent or even life-threatening penicillin-resistant bacteria.
Before taking this medicine, inform your doctor if you have any history of allergies or other systemic conditions. Ciprofloxacin may cause some allergic reactions, especially in children.
Precautions:It is important to tell your doctor if you have kidney disease, liver disease, heart disease or allergies to medicines, foods, or preservatives.
Do not use in patients with a known hypersensitivity or allergy to fluoroquinolones.
Possible Side Effects:Ciprofloxacin may cause mild skin reactions in people who have previously experienced skin reactions to ciprofloxacin or other quinolone antibiotics. The most common side effects are diarrhea, rash, itching or hives, and swelling of the face or tongue. Seek medical attention if you notice any of these symptoms. If you notice signs of a serious allergic reaction, including severe skin reactions, a rash, or difficulty breathing, seek medical attention immediately.
Treatment of bacterial infections of the lungs, nose, ear, bones and joints, skin and soft tissue, kidney, bladder, abdomen, and genitals caused by ciprofloxacin-susceptible organisms. Infections may include urinary tract infection, prostatitis, lower respiratory tract infection, otitis media (middle ear infection), sinusitis, skin, bone and joint infections, infectious diarrhea, typhoid fever, and gonorrhea.
May be taken with or without food. May be taken w/ meals to minimise GI discomfort. Do not take w/ antacids, Fe or dairy products.
Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other quinolones. History or risk of QT prolongation; known history of myasthenia gravis. Concomitant use with tizanidine.
Vomiting, Stomach pain, Nausea, Diarrhea
Patient with known or suspected CNS disorders, risk factors predisposing to seizures, or lower seizure threshold; history or risk factors for QT interval prolongation, torsades de pointes, uncorrected hypokalaemia/hypomagnesaemia, cardiac disease (e.g. heart failure, MI, bradycardia); positive family history of aneurysm disease, pre-existing aortic aneurysm or dissection and its risk factors (e.g. Marfan syndrome, vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, hypertension, peripheral atherosclerotic vascular disease); diabetes, previous tendon disorder (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis), G6PD deficiency. Renal and hepatic impairment. Elderly, children. Pregnancy and lactation.
Store between 20-25°C.
Quinolones
Use in Children 5 years and older - Used to treat bacterial infections in children 5 years of age and older.Tricyclic calcium
Tricyclic calcium is an antifungal medication primarily used to treat fungal infections of the skin, gastrointestinal (including the oral) tract, and urinary tract. It works by preventing the growth and spread of the fungi responsible for these infections.History or risk of QT prolongation; known or suspected CNS disorders or risk factors predisposing to seizures; history or risk factors for QT interval prolongation; known or suspected gastrointestinal infections.
Use with caution in pediatric patients (5-17 years of age) as they may be unable to tolerate ciprofloxacin or other quinolones. - Use with caution in the elderly as they may experience a decrease in their efficacy. Swallow the tablets with a glass of water. If needed, your doctor may examine your kidneys to ensure there is no brisk effect. Avoid expelling the medicine; if it does not circulate, it could be harmful. - If you have a history of QT-prolonging drugs (e.g. Ibuprofen, Elavil, etc.), contact your doctor as soon as possible. - AvoidQT prolongation or prolongation and the institution of additional monitoring by electrocardiogram (ECG) or electrocoagulation (e.g. Troponin 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc.). - In children 5 years of age and older, ciprofloxacin should be used with caution because of potential interactions with skeletal muscle and central nervous system tissues. - Inform your doctor about all other medicines you are taking to avoid potential interactions. Troponin 2, 3, 4, 5, etc.).
Ciprofloxacin is used in the treatment of various bacterial infections such as pharyngitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia, sinusitis, ear infections, urinary tract infections, genital tract infections, stomach infections, infections of bones and joints and skin and soft tissue infections. It can also be used in the management of patients with anthrax inhalation exposure.
Ciprofloxacin: Fluoroquinolone antibiotics
Ciprofloxacinworks by blocking the actions of certain bacterial proteins (such as DNA gyrase, topoisomerase IV) which is essential for the bacteria to survive. As a result, it destroys the susceptible bacteria and prevent their further growth and multiplication within the body which helps in reducing the severity of the infection.
Consult your doctor if you experience:
Available in 5 different indications
PrItemscoopSUNLIFE #1rictour cuisine including spelpersIf you're reading this, you've probably experienced a great deal of discomfort during your visit to your doctor or another medical destination. The discomfort caused by Ciprofloxacin is generally mild and subsides after a few days of treatment. However, if it's prolonged or severe and you experience discomfort such as pain, numbness, or swelling, contact your doctor as soon as possible. Severe discomfort may require immediate medical attention as Ciprofloxacin can be toxic to other people and even cause death to them. If you experience any of these symptoms while taking Ciprofloxacin, contact your doctor immediately as they may cause more discomfort. Symptomatic relief and prevention of discomfort are key to using Ciprofloxacin effectively. In addition to mild pain, the medicine may prevent further pain and inflammation associated with conditions such as periodontitis or periodontitis-like conditions. However, there are also signs that Ciprofloxacin can prevent periodontal disease (periodontitis) in some animals as well. Also, it may prevent the formation of plaque in the gums, leading to periodontal disease in people. If you experience any of these signs while taking Ciprofloxacin then contact your doctor immediately as they may cause more discomfort. You may also experience swelling, redness, and irritation of the lips or tongue.
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